dos. Information and techniques
Data were collected using the WBQ tool from in the area of Athens, Greece from 473 individuals aged 16–86 (42 ± 18 years) (221 males) in summer and from 511 individuals aged 16–86 (38 ± 20 years) (245 males) in winter, stratified by age and sex according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority . All volunteers were informed on the objectives of the study and the procedures involved and signed an informed consent. The retrieved data were confidential, and the study followed the ethical considerations provided by The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The WBQ incorporates a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated to record energy intake against three-day diaries (p
In particular, brand new WBQ provides: (A) data on profile of the fellow member; (B) recording of practices into the time of the earlier in the day times out-of good and fluid dining, liquid otherwise products away from a semi-decimal eating frequency questionnaire (FFQ) out-of 58 products confirmed getting quoting energy intake while the even more sugar and you may honey that’s put in products; and you may (C) estimate out-of exercise using their the fresh new In the world Physical working out Survey (IPAQ) , and therefore info duration of exercise at the around three interest levels (intense, moderate, lightweight do so) otherwise inactive requirements. This new IPAQ might have been confirmed previously given that a corner-national means for tape exercise [20,21,22] and also to estimate energy cost.
The energy and you will water posts regarding registered food and you can drinks is analyzed with the Eating plan Investigation And additionally (Wadsworth Posting Co Inc., Belmont, California, USA), and therefore spends constitution studies throughout the USDA Federal Nutrient Database and selected Greek foods (i.age., mousakas, pastitsio, Greek natural yogurt, lentiles beans soup, several Greek pies, souvlaki, overflowing tomatoes) . Considering complete energy consumption and energy costs, opportunity equilibrium is actually evaluated also.
Contained in this analysis, “drinks” identifies fruit juice otherwise manufactured juice 100% in place of glucose stuff, sugar-sweet drinks (SSDs) (good fresh fruit nectar having sugar, carbonated drinks with glucose and effort/isotonic products), low calorie sodas, teas and you will organic infusions, whole milk (all kinds of milk products, chocolates dairy and you will cocoa drink), milkshake and you will sherbets, coffee and coffee products, and alcohol (alcohol, drink and all form of alcoholic drinks). “Drink opportunity consumption (DEI)” means times intake regarding products “complete time consumption (TEI)” in order to opportunity consumption out of all of the offer and you will “time consumption from snacks” so you’re able to times consumption regarding good and you can fluid products (age.grams., soups). The sum off products organizations so you can overall opportunity intake (analysis off Malisova et al. 2013), demonstrated given that full water intake (TWI), we.age., water out-of products, water, good and fluid edibles and also as drink drinking habits (DWI), we.elizabeth., liquids from products and liquid.
3. Statistical Data
Answers are displayed given that imply ± sd toward generally speaking delivered parameters and median (P25–P75) into the skewed of these. Normality try looked at using the likelihood–probability area (P–P area) and you will histograms. Differences when https://kissbrides.com/chinese-women/taishan/ considering group regarding the full energy intake, energy out-of products, times out of meals, energy expense, energy balance, water intake, drinking water out-of liquids and beverages, water out-of beverages, h2o out-of h2o, water out of foods, liquid losses and h2o equilibrium was in fact analyzed for the separate attempt t-take to into the normally distributed parameters in addition to Mann-Whittney U-try to your skewed ones. Likewise, differences between the new five quartiles of energy out-of beverages had been analyzed on the one to-ways ANOVA F-shot toward usually distributed variables in addition to Kruskal-Wallis H Test on skewed of those. Significance peak are set in the 5%. Correlations involving the share from beverages in order to water intake from inside the family members so you can energy when you look at the winter months and you will june was checked out of the Pearson’s or Spearman’s relationship coefficients for normally delivered otherwise skewed parameters. All of the mathematical analyses performed having fun with PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc, il, IL, USA).