At each analysis range timepoint (BL, FU1, and you will FU2), two 24-h dietary remembers at one or two separate family visits was in fact did within 30 days away from accelerometer comparison by using the Nourishment Data System for Search (NDSR) . Examination was basically presented using one sunday big date and something weekday inside an identical times from the coached interviewers which used one 24-h diet recall towards child in the/her common language (Spanish/English). The interviewers obtained fat loss investigation playing with laptop computers armed with NDSR, a nutritional data system designed for new range and you will analyses from 24-h fat loss recalls, food facts, menus and recipes . Interviewers conducted the latest diet remembers with respect to the encourages offered by the fresh new NDSR system . Complete opportunity intake of for every single 24-h weight-loss remember (week-end and you can weekday) is actually computed having fun with NDSR. Energy consumption was determined just like the average full opportunity intake to own the brand new sunday day and weekday.
Body mass index z-rating (BMIz)
Kids’ level and weight had been measured whatsoever around three timepoints having fun with basic tips in copy, as the participants were dressed in white indoor dresses without footwear [66, 67]. SECA mobile phone stadiometers and you can SECA mobile flat digital balances that have remote screen were utilized to own calculating top and you will weight. Bmi is actually converted to BMIz playing with Federal Youngster Fitness Analytics increases contours .
Covariates
Pubertal status is assessed utilizing the 5-product Pubertal Advancement Level . So it size, which have designs for boys and girls, asks on the bodily advancement on attributes of the bodily growth; z-score to own boys and you may girls was indeed calculated. Acculturation (studies that you to definitely abides by the brand new dominating social norms) and you can enculturation (training to which you to definitely retains your individual cultural norms) was in fact assessed utilising the 6-item English code play with and you can six-items Language code use subscales of the validated Bidimensional Suriye gГјzel kadД±nlar Acculturation Measure getting Hispanics, respectively . A good example items was “How frequently do you really speak English along with your family?” Issues was in fact scored away from never ever (=1) to usually (=5) and had good reliabilities within this shot (? = 0.88–0.94).
Analysis
Descriptive statistics to possess group information, sleep years, MVPA and energy intake by the investigations several months was in fact determined using IBM SPSS 24 Statistics having Window (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp).
Cross-lagged committee model
An a priori model (Fig. 2) delineating the concurrent relationships (zero-order correlations) between sleep duration (hours), MVPA, energy intake (kcals), and BMIz, and cross-lagged effect of sleep duration, MVPA, and energy intake at BL and FU1 on BMIz at FU1 and FU2, respectively, was examined using cross-lagged panel modeling. This approach is widely used in analysis of longitudinal data to test longitudinal predictive effects between variables, such as MVPA on BMIz while accounting for auto-regressive effects of past behavior on future respective behavior, such as MVPA at BL on subsequent MVPA at FU1. Potential covariates included child gender and pubertal status, household income and enculturation as covariates of sleep duration, MVPA, energy intake and BMIz. The variable representing the missing data pattern was included as a covariate of pubertal status (? = 0.12, p = 0.03) and BMIz at BL (? = 0.16, p 0.20. First, we fit the model with no constraints. Second, we fit a model with equality constraints, and finally fit a modified constrained model. We used cross-model-goodness-of-fit comparisons to guide selection of the final empirical model. The Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square test statistic assessed goodness-of-fit of the model (p > 0.05), and approximate model fit was examined using the recommendations of Hu and Bentler ; i.e., comparative fit index (CFI) ? 0.95; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) ? .06, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) ? .08. The final model was selected based on the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC) . Standardized beta-coefficients (?) were examined for significance, magnitude and direction of relationship. Modeling was performed using Mplus, with full information maximum likelihood (FIML) to accommodate missing values. The number of observations in the analysis was 323. The FIML feature incorporates measures that support missing completely at random (MCAR). Mediation was tested using the INDIRECT command within Mplus, which estimates indirect effects with the delta method standard errors.